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Quasi-continuous metasurfaces are widely used in various optical systems and their subwavelength structures invalidate traditional design methods based on scalar diffraction theory. Here, a novel vector iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA) is proposed to realize the fast design of quasi-continuous metasurface beam splitters with subwavelength structures. Compared with traditional optimization algorithms that either require extensive numerical simulations or lack accuracy, this method has the advantages of accuracy and low computational cost. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, several beam splitters with custom-tailored diffraction patterns and a 7 × 7 beam splitter are numerically demonstrated, among which the maximal diffraction angle reaches 70° and the best uniformity error reaches 0.0195, showing good consistency with the target energy distribution and these results suggest that the proposed vector IFTA may find wide applications in three-dimensional imaging, lidar techniques, machine vision, and so forth.

Quasi-Continuous Metasurface Beam Splitters Enabled by Vector Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm