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The generation of structural defects in metal oxide catalysts offers a potential pathway to improve performance. Herein, we investigated the effect of thermal hydrogenation and low-temperature plasma treatments on mixed SiO 2 /TiO 2 materials. Hydrogenation at 500 °C resulted in the reduction of the material to produce Ti 3+ in the bulk TiO 2 . In contrast, low temperature plasma treatment for 10 or 20 min generated surface Ti 3+ species via the removal of oxygen on both the neat and hydrogenated material. Assessing the photocatalytic activity of the materials demonstrated a 40-130% increase in the rate of formic acid oxidation after plasma treatment. A strong relationship between the Ti 3+ content and catalyst activity was established, although a change in the Si-Ti interaction after plasma treating of the neat SiO 2 /TiO 2 material was found to limit performance, and suggests that performance is not determined solely by the presence of Ti 3+ .

Plasma Treating Mixed Metal Oxides to Improve Oxidative Performance via Defect Generation