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This work reports on an experimental study of the stretching of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) film in various uniaxial/biaxial stretching modes at various temperatures and stretching speeds. We examined the stress-birefringence relationship as a stress-optical rule (SOR) under uniaxial stretching and evaluated the stress-optical coefficient (SOC). Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) measurements were applied to evaluate the contribution to birefringence of the crystalline and amorphous phases and to characterize stretching modes. In simultaneous biaxial stretching, the melting temperature ( T  m ) proved critical to structural formation. We applied thermal analysis techniques and tensile testing to evaluate higher order structures after each stretching mode.

Structural Formation of UHMWPE Film Tracked by Real-Time Retardation Measurements during Uniaxial/Biaxial Stretching