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The Er-doped LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O₄ (LiNi 0.495 Mn 1.495 Er 0.01 O₄) sample was successfully prepared by citric acid-assisted sol-gel method with erbium oxide as an erbium source for the first time. Compared with the undoped sample, the Er-doped LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O₄ sample maintained the basic spinel structure, suggesting that the substitution of Er 3+ ions for partial nickel and manganese ions did not change the intrinsic structure of LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O₄. Moreover, the Er-doped LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O₄ sample showed better size distribution and regular octahedral morphology. Electrochemical measurements indicated that the Er-doping could have a positive impact on the electrochemical properties. When cycled at 0.5 C, the Er-doped LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O₄ sample exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 120.6 mAh·g -1 , and the capacity retention of this sample reached up to 92.9% after 100 cycles. As the charge/discharge rate restored from 2.0 C to 0.2 C, the discharge capacity of this sample still exhibited 123.7 mAh·g -1 with excellent recovery rate. Since the bonding energy of Er-O (615 kJ·mol -1 ) was higher than that of Mn-O (402 kJ·mol -1 ) and Ni-O (392 kJ·mol -1 ), these outstanding performance could be attributed to the increased structure stability as well as the reduced aggregation behavior and small charge transfer resistance of the Er-doped LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O₄.

Er-Doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode Material with Enhanced Cycling Stability for Lithium-Ion Batteries