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Unlike transcriptional regulation, the post-transcriptional mechanisms underlying zygotic segmentation gene expression in early  Drosophila  embryo have been insufficiently investigated. Condition-specific post-transcriptional regulation plays an important role in the development of many organisms. Our recent study revealed the domain- and genotype-specific differences between mRNA and the protein expression of  Drosophila hb ,  gt , and  eve  genes in cleavage cycle 14A. Here, we use this dataset and the dynamic mathematical model to recapitulate protein expression from the corresponding mRNA patterns. The condition-specific nonuniformity in parameter values is further interpreted in terms of possible post-transcriptional modifications. For  hb  expression in wild-type embryos, our results predict the position-specific differences in protein production. The protein synthesis rate parameter is significantly higher in  hb  anterior domain compared to the posterior domain. The parameter sets describing Gt protein dynamics in wild-type embryos and  Kr  mutants are genotype-specific. The spatial discrepancy between  gt  mRNA and protein posterior expression in  Kr  mutants is well reproduced by the whole axis model, thus rejecting the involvement of post-transcriptional mechanisms. Our models fail to describe the full dynamics of  eve  expression, presumably due to its complex shape and the variable time delays between mRNA and protein patterns, which likely require a more complex model. Overall, our modeling approach enables the prediction of regulatory scenarios underlying the condition-specific differences between mRNA and protein expression in early embryo.

Application of Domain- and Genotype-Specific Models to Infer Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Segmentation Gene Expression in Drosophila