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Treatment options for pneumonia and sepsis by antibiotics are limited due to the development of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. This unmatched case-control study determined the antibiotic sensitivity against bacterial isolates obtained from septic and nonseptic children with pneumonia. Children of either sex aged 0-59 months with a history of cough or shortness of breath and radiologically confirmed pneumonia were enrolled in this study. Cases with clinical signs of sepsis at admission ( n = 151) were compared to cases without sepsis as controls ( n = 107). A total of 205 children had a performance of blood culture, with 123 children suffering from clinical sepsis. Blood cultures showed bacterial growth in 19% of the septic samples, with 8% coagulase-negative staphylococci and 2.4% Acinetobacter species. Only 1.6% of the cases were infected by Streptococcus pneumonia , Haemophilus influenzae , Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella . In contrast, children without sepsis presented positive blood cultures with growth of Salmonella typhi in 2.4% of the cases and growth of Klebsiella in 1.2%. Bacteria were sensitive to imipenem in 100% of the cases (86% for meropenem, 83% for ceftazidime and 76% for ciprofloxacin). The mortality rate was significantly higher in children with pneumonia complicated by sepsis (odds ratio (OR) = 3.02, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11-8.64, p &lt; 0.027). Knowledge about specific laboratory characteristics in children with pneumonia will facilitate an early diagnosis and treatment of sepsis and reduce mortality.

Sensitivity Patterns of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Blood Cultures of Under-Five Children with Pneumonia and Clinical Sepsis