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Eosinophilic inflammation is one of the main pathophysiological features in asthma. Two subtypes of eosinophils exist in the lung and systemic circulation: lung-resident eosinophils (rEOS) and inflammatory eosinophils (iEOS). We evaluated the expression of α 4 β 1 and α M β 2 integrins of eosinophil subtypes and their influence on airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell proliferation and viability in asthma. We included 16 severe non-allergic eosinophilic asthma (SNEA) patients, 13 steroid-free, non-severe allergic asthma (AA) patients, and 12 healthy control subjects (HS). For AA patients, a bronchial allergen challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was performed. The eosinophil subtypes were distinguished using magnetic bead-labeled antibodies against surface CD62L, and individual combined cell cultures were prepared with ASM cells. The integrins gene expression was analyzed by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Proliferation was assessed by the Alamar blue assay, and viability by annexin V and propidium iodide staining. rEOS-like cells were characterized by the relatively higher gene expression of the β 1 integrin subunit, whereas iEOS-like cells were characterized by the α M and β 2 integrin subunits. The inclusion of either eosinophil subtypes in co-culture significantly increased the proliferation of ASM cells, and the effect of rEOS-like cells was stronger than iEOS-like cells ( p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, rEOS-like cells had a more pronounced effect on reducing ASM cell apoptosis compared to that of iEOS-like cells ( p &lt; 0.05). Lastly, the bronchial allergen challenge significantly enhanced only the iEOS-like cells' effect on ASM cell proliferation and viability in AA patients ( p &lt; 0.05). These findings highlight the different expression of α 4 β 1 and α M β 2 integrins on distinct eosinophil subtypes in asthma. Therefore, rEOS-like cells have a stronger effect in stimulating ASM cell proliferation and viability; however, contact with specific allergens mainly enhances pro-proliferative iEOS-like cell properties.

α4β1 and αMβ2 Integrin Expression and Pro-Proliferative Properties of Eosinophil Subtypes in Asthma