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As microRNAs (miRNAs) are important expression regulators of coding RNA, it is important to characterize their role in the interaction between hosts and pathogens. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the miRNA alternation in Bombyx mori (B. mori) infected with Nosema bombycis (N. bombycis), RNA sequencing and stem-loop qPCR were conducted to screen and identify the significantly differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs). A total of 17 such miRNAs were identified in response to N. bombycis infection, among which miR6498-5p efficiently inhibited the proliferation of N. bombycis in BmE-SWU1 (BmE) cells by downregulating pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase 2 (BmPLPP2). In addition, a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay showed that miR6498-5p was located in the cytoplasm of BmE cells, while it was not found in the schizonts of N. bombycis. Further investigation of the effect of BmPLPP2 on the proliferation of schizonts found that the positive factor BmPLPP2 could facilitate N. bombycis completing its life cycle in cells by overexpression and RNAi of BmPLPP2. Our findings offer multiple new insights into the role of miRNAs in the interaction between hosts and microsporidia.

MicroRNA-6498-5p Inhibits Nosema bombycis Proliferation by Downregulating BmPLPP2 in Bombyx mori