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Light represents a ubiquitous source of information for organisms to evaluate their environment. The influence of light on colony growth and conidiation was determined for three  Monilinia laxa  isolates. The highest mycelial growth rate was observed under red light for the three  M. laxa  isolates, followed by green light, daylight or darkness. However, reduced sporulation levels were observed in darkness and red light, but conidiation enhancement was found under daylight, black and green light with more hours of exposure to light. Putative photoreceptors for blue (white-collar and cryptochromes), green (opsins), and red light (phytochromes) were identified, and the photoresponse-related regulatory family of velvet proteins. A unique ortholog for each photoreceptor was found, and their respective domain architecture was highly conserved. Transcriptional analyses of uncovered sets of genes were performed under daylight or specific color light, and both in time course illumination, finding light-dependent triggered gene expression of  MlVEL2 ,  MlPHY2 ,  MlOPS2 , and  MlCRY2 , and color light as a positive inductor of  MlVEL3 ,  MlVEL4 ,  MlPHY1 , and  MlCRY1  expression.  M. laxa  has a highly conserved set of photoreceptors with other light-responsive fungi. Our phenotypic analyses and the existence of this light-sensing machinery suggest transcriptional regulatory systems dedicated to modulating the development and dispersion of this pathogen.

Light-Photoreceptors and Proteins Related to Monilinia laxa Photoresponses