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Healthcare is changing. Today, we are harnessing the power of genomics, gene editing, and nanotechnology to build a solid foundation for a more patient-centric and individualized approach to healthcare and improving clinical outcomes. The emergence of the “precision medicine” paradigm is helping with the discovery of novel drug targets; drug repurposing; drug repositioning; and development of injectable, ingestible, and wearable nanotechnology-based composite therapeutic–diagnostic (theranostics) devices. Indeed, it is theranostics, which, together with breakthroughs in biomarker discovery, is becoming the driving force of precision medicine. An effective treatment planning must not only consider disease heterogeneity but also the broader aspects of disease microenvironment as therapy progresses. These include the dynamics of immune system microenvironment, rate-limiting biological barriers, and transport processes. For instance, our better understanding of complexity and diversity of tumor immune microenvironment has led to the development of immune-checkpoint inhibitors, which are showing significant clinical benefit in some patients. We need to expand on these advancements and further improve our ability to predict and guide immunotherapeutic responses. Theranostics offers the promise of improving disease detection and treatment planning through combined, controlled, and targeted therapeutic interventions and on-demand sensing and monitoring of spatiotemporal molecular, cellular, and anatomical changes. Theranostics could also work for patients in vitro, for instance through simultaneous determination of biomarker variability and its affinity for different ligands (e.g., a nanobody library) in cancer tissue biopsies with reporter nanoparticles and translation of these findings to improve chimeric antigen-receptor T-cell engineering for more effective immunotherapy outcomes. Furthermore, nanotheranostics is an indispensable tool in fundamental research, where nanotheranostic-mediated precision modulation and real-time monitoring of cellular processes will advance our understanding of complex and interrelated molecular events that regulate homeostasis and contribute to pathogenesis of different diseases. While the broad spectrum of exciting and emerging nanotheranostic technologies is beginning to offer unprecedented opportunities for precision medicine, many challenges still remain. These not only include aspects of device engineering and fine tuning but also biocompatibility, safety, and attributes for reproducible pharmaceutical development. Notwithstanding, these exciting developments have set the agenda for inception of the Journal of Nanotheranostics (JNT), an open-access international journal by MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), as a critical forum for dissemination of important fundamental, translational, and clinical developments in nanotheranostics. The journal will publish outstanding rigorously peer-reviewed original research papers, critical reviews, technical notes, brief communications, and opinion pieces on all aspects of nanotheranostics including device engineering, computational simulations, site-specific targeting,

The Journal of Nanotheranostics: A New Open-Access Journal at the Interface of Nanotechnology, Materials Science, and Medicine for Precision Medicine