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18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is usually used for staging or evaluation of treatment response rather than for cancer screening. However, 18 F-FDG PET/CT has also been used in Japan for cancer screening in people with no cancer symptoms, and accumulating evidence supports this application of 18 F-FDG PET/CT. Previously, we have observed a correlation between the saliva and tumor metabolomic profiles in patients with oral cancer. Hence, if salivary metabolites demonstrate a significant correlation with PET parameters such as the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max ), they may have the potential to be used as a screening tool before PET/CT to identify patients with high SUV max . Hence, in this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between salivary metabolites and SUV max of 18 F-FDG PET/CT using previously collected data. 18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed for staging 26 patients with oral cancer. The collected data were integrated and analyzed along with quantified salivary hydrophilic metabolites obtained from the same patients with oral cancer and controls ( n = 44). In total, 11 metabolites showed significant correlations with SUV max in the delayed phases. A multiple logistic regression model of the two metabolites showed the ability to discriminate between patients with oral cancer and controls, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.738 ( p = 0.001). This study uniquely confirmed a relationship between salivary metabolites and SUV max of PET/CT in patients with oral cancer; salivary metabolites were significantly correlated with SUV max . These salivary metabolites can be used as a screening tool before PET/CT to identify patients with high SUV max , i.e., to detect the presence of oral cancer.

Relationship between Standard Uptake Values of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Salivary Metabolites in Oral Cancer: A Pilot Study