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Negative pressure ventilation (NPV), when used as an adjuvant to pulmonary rehabilitation, improves lung function, increases exercise capacity, and reduces exacerbations. The aim of this study was to determine whether maintenance NPV improves long-term clinical outcomes and reduces mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Between 2003 and 2009, 341 patients were treated for COPD either with or without hospital-based NPV. We measured forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ), 6-min walking distance (6MWD), and oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO 2 ) during a 6-min walk test (6MWT) every 3-6 months. Desaturation (D) during the 6MWT was defined as a reduction in SpO 2 of ≥10% from baseline. The NPV group had a better survival outcome than the Non-NPV group. The 8-year survival probabilities for the NPV and Non-NPV groups were 60% and 20%, respectively ( p &lt; 0.01). Baseline desaturation was a significant risk factor for death, and the risk of death increased with desaturation severity (SpO 2 80~89: hazard ratios (HR) 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-5.3; SpO 2 &lt; 80: HR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3-7.4). The NPV group had a slower decline in lung function and 6MWD. The NPV + D and Non-NPV+D had a threefold and fourfold increase in the risks of all-cause mortality compared with the NPV-ND, respectively. Maintenance non-invasive NPV reduced long-term mortality in COPD patients. The desaturating COPD patients had an increased mortality risk compared with non-desaturating COPD patients.

Maintenance Negative Pressure Ventilation Improves Survival in COPD Patients with Exercise Desaturation