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Acute vascular endothelial dysfunction is a central event in the pathogenesisof sepsis,increasing vascular permeability, promoting activation of thecoagulation cascade, tissue edema and compromising perfusion of vital organs.Aging and chronic diseases(hypertension,dyslipidaemia,diabetes mellitus,chronickidney disease,cardiovascular disease,cerebrovascular disease, chronicpulmonary disease,liver disease or cancer)are recognized risk factors forsepsis. In this article we review the features of endothelial dysfunctionshared by sepsis,aging and the chronic conditions preceding this disease.Clinical studies and review articles on endothelial dysfunction associated tosepsis,aging and chronic diseases published in PubMed were considered. The mainfeatures of endothelial dysfunction shared by sepsis,aging and chronic diseaseswere 1.increased oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, 2.glycocalyxdegradation and shedding, 3.disassembly of intercellular junctions,endothelialcell death,blood tissue barrier disruption, 4.enhanced leukocyte adhesion andextravasation, 5.induction of a pro-coagulant and anti-fibrinolytic state. Inaddition,chronic diseases impair the mechanisms of endothelial reparation. Inconclusion,sepsis,aging and chronic diseases induce similar features ofendothelial dysfunction. The potential contribution of the pre-existent degreeof endothelial dysfunction to sepsis pathogenesis deserves to be furtherinvestigated

Shared features of endothelial dysfunction between sepsis and its preceding risk factors (aging and chronic disease)