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Background: Actual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines recommend point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS); however, data on POCUS during CPR are sparse and conflicting. This randomized trial investigated the effects of POCUS during CPR on team performance and diagnostic accuracy. Methods: Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine residents performed CPR with or without available POCUS in simulated cardiac arrests. The primary endpoint was hands-on time. Data analysis was performed using video recordings. Results: Hands-on time was 89% (87–91) in the POCUS and 92% (89–94) in the control group (difference 3, 95% CI for difference 2–4,  p  < 0.001). POCUS teams had delayed defibrillator attachments (33 vs. 26 sec,  p  = 0.017) and first rhythm analysis (74 vs. 52 sec,  p  = 0.001). Available POCUS was used in 71%. Of the POCUS teams, 53 stated a POCUS-derived diagnosis, with 49 being correct and 42 followed by a correct treatment decision. Four teams made a wrong diagnosis and two made an inappropriate treatment decision. Conclusions: POCUS during CPR resulted in lower hands-on times and delayed rhythm analysis. Correct POCUS diagnoses occurred in 52%, correct treatment decisions in 44%, and inappropriate treatment decisions in 2%. Training on POCUS during CPR should focus on diagnostic accuracy and maintenance of high-quality CPR.

U SO CARE—The Impact of Cardiac Ultrasound during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Prospective Randomized Simulator-Based Trial