English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Serum levels of cytokines interleukin 1 beta (  IL-1β ) and interleukin 33 (IL-33) are highly abnormal in heart failure and remain elevated after mechanical circulatory support (MCS). However, local cytokine signaling induction remains elusive. Left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) myocardial tissue specimens of end-stage heart failure (HF) patients without ( n  = 24) and with MCS ( n  = 39; 594 ± 57 days) were analyzed for cytokine mRNA expression level of  IL-1B , interleukin 1 receptor 1/2 ( IL-1R1/2 ), interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 ( IL-1RL1 ),  IL-33  and interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein ( IL-1RaP ). MCS patients showed significantly elevated  IL-1B  expression levels (LV: 2.0 fold,  p  = 0.0058; RV: 3.3 fold,  p  < 0.0001). Moreover,  IL-1R1 ,  IL-1RaP  and  IL-33  expression levels strongly correlated with each other. IL-1RL1 and  IL-1R2  expression levels were significantly higher in RV myocardial tissue (RV/LV ratio  IL-1R2  HF: 4.400 ± 1.359; MCS: 4.657 ± 0.655; IL-1RL1 HF: 3.697 ± 0.876; MCS: 4.529 ± 0.5839). In addition, IL1-RaP and  IL-33  RV expression levels were significantly elevated in MCS. Furthermore,  IL-33  expression correlates with C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma levels in HF, but not in MCS patients. Increased expression of  IL-1B  and altered correlation patterns of  IL-1  receptors indicate enhanced  IL-1β  signaling in MCS patients. Correlation of  IL-1  receptor expression with  IL-33  may hint towards a link between both pathways. Moreover, diverging expression in LV and RV suggests specific regulation of local cytokine signaling.

Altered mRNA Expression of Interleukin-1 Receptors in Myocardial Tissue of Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Device Support