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The genetic disorder Down syndrome is associated with a decreased susceptibility for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Hematological and immune abnormalities occur frequently in Down syndrome patients. We evaluated, in a preclinical setting, the impact of a Down syndrome-like hematological/immune phenotype on atherosclerosis susceptibility. Hereto, hypercholesterolemic low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice were transplanted with bone marrow from either a trisomic Ts65Dn mouse or euploid wild-type control and subsequently fed a Western-type diet to induce the development of atherosclerotic lesions. T and B cell concentrations were markedly reduced in blood of Ts65Dn bone marrow recipients ( p &lt; 0.001). Expression levels of the pro-atherogenic scavenger receptor CD36 were respectively 37% and 59% lower ( p &lt; 0.001) in trisomic monocytes and macrophages. However, these combined effects did not translate into an altered atherosclerosis susceptibility. Notably, blood platelet numbers were elevated in Ts65Dn bone marrow recipients (+57%; p &lt; 0.001), which was paralleled by higher platelet GPVI protein expression (+35%; p &lt; 0.001) and an enhanced collagen-induced platelet activation ( p &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, we have shown that providing mice with a Down syndrome-like hematological profile does not change the susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Furthermore, our studies have uncovered a novel effect of the trisomy on platelet functionality that may be relevant in human clinical settings.

Bone Marrow Ts65Dn Trisomy-Induced Changes in Platelet Functionality and Lymphocytopenia Do Not Impact Atherosclerosis Susceptibility in Mice