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The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is a lepidopteran insect that mainly harms cruciferous vegetables, with strong resistance to a variety of agrochemicals, including Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins. This study intended to screen genes associated with Bt resistance in P. xylostella by comparing the midgut transcriptome of Cry1Ac-susceptible and -resistant strains together with two toxin-treated strains 24 h before sampling. A total of 12 samples were analyzed by BGISEQ-500, and each sample obtained an average of 6.35 Gb data. Additionally, 3284 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in susceptible and resistant strains. Among them, five DEGs for cadherin, 14 for aminopeptidase, zero for alkaline phosphatase, 14 for ATP binding cassette transport, and five heat shock proteins were potentially involved in resistance to Cry1Ac in P. xylostella. Furthermore, DEGs associated with “binding”, “catalytic activity”, “cellular process”, “metabolic process”, and “cellular anatomical entity” were more likely to be responsible for resistance to Bt toxin. Thus, together with other omics data, our results will offer prospective genes for the development of Bt resistance, thereby providing a brand new reference for revealing the resistance mechanism to Bt of P. xylostella.

A Novel Reference for Bt-Resistance Mechanism in Plutella xylostella Based on Analysis of the Midgut Transcriptomes