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Simple Summary  In this study, an integrated analysis of the mRNA and protein was performed to identify important putative regulators involved in the transmission of CMV (cucumber mosaic virus) by aphids. At the level of transcription, a total of 20,550 genes (≥2-fold expression difference) were identified as being differentially expressed genes (DEGs) 24 h after healthy aphid transfer to infected tobacco plants using the RNA-seq approach. At the protein level, 744 proteins were classified as being differentially abundant between virus-treated and control  Myzus persicae  using iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) analysis. The combined mRNA and protein analysis enabled the identification of some viral putative regulators, such as cuticle proteins, ribosomal proteins, and cytochrome P450 enzymes. The results show that most of the key putative regulators were highly accumulated at the protein level. Based on those findings, we can speculate that the process by which aphids spread CMV is mainly related to post-translational regulation rather than transcription.    Abstract  Aphids transmit CMV (cucumber mosaic virus) in a non-persistent manner. However, little is known about the mechanism of CMV transmission. In this study, an integrated analysis of the mRNA and protein was performed to identify important putative regulators involved in the transmission of CMV by aphids. At the level of transcription, a total of 20,550 genes (≥2-fold expression difference) were identified as being differentially expressed genes (DEGs) 24 h after healthy aphid transfer to infected tobacco plants using the RNA-seq approach. At the protein level, 744 proteins were classified as being differentially abundant between virus-treated and control  M. persicae  using iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) analysis. The combined mRNA and protein analysis enabled the identification of some viral putative regulators, such as cuticle proteins, ribosomal proteins, and cytochrome P450 enzymes. The results show that most of the key putative regulators were highly accumulated at the protein level. Based on those findings, we can speculate that the process by which aphids spread CMV is mainly related to post-translational regulation rather than transcription.

Combined Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Myzus persicae, the Green Peach Aphid, Infected with Cucumber Mosaic Virus