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Simple Summary  Based on a transgenic approach, enhancing  Myc  expression in the silkworm posterior silk gland (PSG), which was driven by the promoter of the fibroin heavy chain ( FibH ) gene, was performed for investigating the biological functions of Myc in silk gland. Enhanced  Myc  expression elevated the cocoon size. This elevation might be resulted from the increasing of  FibH  expression and DNA content in the PSG cells by promoting the transcription of the genes that are involved in DNA replication.    Abstract  Silkworm is an economically important insect that synthetizes silk proteins for silk production in silk gland, and silk gland cells undergo endoreplication during larval period. Transcription factor Myc is essential for cell growth and proliferation. Although silkworm  Myc  gene has been identified previously, its biological functions in silkworm silk gland are still largely unknown. In this study, we examined whether enhanced  Myc  expression in silk gland could facilitate cell growth and silk production. Based on a transgenic approach,  Myc  was driven by the promoter of the fibroin heavy chain ( FibH ) gene to be successfully overexpressed in posterior silk gland. Enhanced  Myc  expression in the PSG elevated  FibH  expression by about 20% compared to the control, and also increased the weight and shell rate of the cocoon shell. Further investigation confirmed that  Myc  overexpression increased nucleus size and DNA content of the PSG cells by promoting the transcription of the genes involved in DNA replication. Therefore, we conclude that enhanced  Myc  expression promotes DNA replication and silk protein expression in endoreplicating silk gland cells, which subsequently raises silk yield.

Enhanced Myc Expression in Silkworm Silk Gland Promotes DNA Replication and Silk Production