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Phosphine resistance is occurring among stored-grain pests worldwide. This study investigated the fumigation activity of phosphine (PH 3 ) and carbonyl sulfide (COS) against domestic strain (d-strain) Tribolium castaneum , resistance strain (r-strain) T . castaneum and Oryzaephilus surinamensis . All developmental stages of the pests were exposed to two fumigants (PH 3 and COS), and the fumigation activity according to the dose and exposure time was evaluated in a 12-L desiccator and 0.5 m 3 fumigation chamber. The rice sorption rate and quality following exposure to thetwofumigants were evaluated. The mortality was 2.9% in r-strain T . castaneum , 49.5% in d-strain T . castaneum and 99.2% in O . surinamensis when 2 mg/L PH 3 was used in a 12-L desiccator for 4 h. However, all pest developmental stages showed 100% mortality after 24 h of exposure in the 0.5 m 3 fumigation chamber, except for the r-strain T . castaneum . A mortalityof 100% was observed in all of the r-strain T . castaneum developmental stages at an exposure time of 192 h. For COS applied at 40.23 mg/L and 50 g/m 3 in the 12-L desiccator and the 0.5 m 3 fumigation chamber, respectively, 100% mortality was observed across all developmental stages regardless of species and strain. The sorption of COS was 10% higher than that of PH 3 , but there was no significant difference in rice quality compared to that in the control. Therefore, this study suggests that COS can be used for controlling T . castaneum resistant to PH 3 .

Fumigation Activity against Phosphine-Resistant Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Using Carbonyl Sulfide