English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Bradysia odoriphaga  is a major pest that causes damage to chive production, and which has developed resistance to highly toxic chemical insecticides. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) show a high potential for  B. odoriphaga  control. This study aimed to develop an effective management method against  B. odoriphaga  larvae, using EPN with low-toxicity insecticides. Fourteen selected insecticides had no significant effects on the survival and infectivity of  Steinernema feltiae  SN and  Heterorhabditis indica  LN2. Synergistic interactions were observed for imidacloprid and osthole with  S. feltiae  SN against  B. odoriphaga  larvae.  Steinernema feltiae  SN was more effective than  H. indica  LN2 against  B. odoriphaga  at 15 and 20 °C, and the addition of imidacloprid at 1/10 recommended concentration (RC) significantly increased the efficacy of  S. feltiae  SN. The year-round occurrence of the  B. odoriphaga  larvae in chive fields treated by EPN and imidacloprid at 1/10 RC was studied. Results showed that the application of EPN with imidacloprid at 1/10 RC successfully suppressed larval populations of  B. odoriphaga  in chive fields, thus significantly increasing the yield of chive. The practical method of applying EPN–imidacloprid combinations provided a cost-effective and environmental safety strategy for controlling  B. odoriphaga  larvae in chive production, which can reduce the usage of toxic chemical insecticides.

Integrated Management of Chive Gnats (Bradysia odoriphaga Yang & Zhang) in Chives Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Low-Toxicity Insecticides