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Anthracnose is caused by  Colletotrichum  species and is one of the most virulent fungal diseases affecting chili pepper ( Capsicum ) yield globally. However, the noble genes conferring resistance to  Colletotrichum  species remain largely elusive. In this study, we identified  CbAR9  as the causal locus underlying the large effect quantitative trait locus  CcR9  from the anthracnose-resistant chili pepper variety PBC80.  CbAR9  encodes a nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein related to defense-associated NLRs in several other plant species.  CbAR9  transcript levels were induced dramatically after  Colletotrichum capsici  infection. To explore the biological function, we generated transgenic  Nicotiana benthamiana  lines overexpressing  CbAR9 , which showed enhanced resistance to  C. capsici  relative to wild-type plants. Transcript levels of pathogenesis-related ( PR ) genes increased markedly in  CbAR9 -overexpressing  N. benthamiana  plants. Moreover, resistance to anthracnose and transcript levels of  PR1  and  PR2  were markedly reduced in  CbAR9 -silenced chili pepper fruits after  C. capsici  infection. Our results revealed that CbAR9 contributes to innate immunity against  C. capsici .

Identification of the Capsicum baccatum NLR Protein CbAR9 Conferring Disease Resistance to Anthracnose