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Fruit firmness is an important economical trait in sweet cherry ( Prunus avium  L.) where the change of this trait is related to cell wall degradation. Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) and polygalacturonases (PGs) are critical cell-wall-modifying enzymes that occupy a crucial position in fruit ripening and softening. Herein, we identified 18  XTHs  and 45  PGs  designated  PavXTH1-18  and  PavPG1-45  based on their locations in the genome of sweet cherry. We provided a systematical overview of  PavXTHs  and  PavPGs , including phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, and expression profiling of these genes. The results showed that  PavXTH14 ,  PavXTH15  and  PavPG38  were most likely to participated in fruit softening owing to the substantial increment in expression during fruit development and ripening. Furthermore, the phytohormone ABA, MeJA, and ethephon significantly elevated the expression of  PavPG38  and  PavXTH15 , and thus promoted fruit softening. Importantly, transient expression  PavXTH14 ,  PavXTH15  and  PavPG38  in cherry fruits significantly reduced the fruit firmness, and the content of various cell wall components including hemicellulose and pectin significantly changed correspondingly in the transgenic fruit. Taken together, these results present an extensive analysis of  XTHs  and  PGs  in sweet cherry and provide potential targets for breeding softening-resistant sweet cherry cultivars via manipulating cell wall-associated genes.

international journal of molecular sciences

Genome-Wide Identification of the Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase (XTH) and Polygalacturonase (PG) Genes and Characterization of Their Role in Fruit Softening of Sweet Cherry