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Cystic fibrosis (CF) disease leads to altered lung and gut microbiomes compared to healthy subjects. The magnitude of this dysbiosis is influenced by organ-specific microenvironmental conditions at different stages of the disease. However, how this gut-lung dysbiosis is influenced by  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  chronic infection is unclear. To test the relationship between CFTR dysfunction and gut-lung microbiome under chronic infection, we established a model of  P. aeruginosa  infection in wild-type (WT) and gut-corrected CF mice. Using 16S ribosomal RNA gene, we compared lung, stool, and gut microbiota of C57Bl/6  Cftr  tm1UNC  TgN(FABP CFTR ) or WT mice at the naïve state or infected with  P. aeruginosa.   P. aeruginosa  infection influences murine health significantly changing body weight both in CF and WT mice. Both stool and gut microbiota revealed significantly higher values of alpha diversity in WT mice than in CF mice, while lung microbiota showed similar values. Infection with  P. aeruginosa  did not changed the diversity of the stool and gut microbiota, while a drop of diversity of the lung microbiota was observed compared to non-infected mice. However, the taxonomic composition of gut microbiota was shown to be influenced by  P. aeruginosa  infection in CF mice but not in WT mice. This finding indicates that  P. aeruginosa  chronic infection has a major impact on microbiota diversity and composition in the lung. In the gut, CFTR genotype and  P. aeruginosa  infection affected the overall diversity and taxonomic microbiota composition, respectively. Overall, our results suggest a cross-talk between lung and gut microbiota in relation to  P. aeruginosa  chronic infection and CFTR mutation.

Lung and Gut Microbiota Changes Associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Mouse Models of Cystic Fibrosis