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The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) network is composed of WRKY TFs’ subset, which performs a critical role in immunity regulation of plants. However, functions of WRKY TFs’ network remain unclear, particularly in non-model plants such as pepper ( Capsicum annuum  L.). This study functionally characterized CaWRKY30—a member of group III Pepper WRKY protein—for immunity of pepper against  Ralstonia solanacearum  infection. The  CaWRKY30  was detected in nucleus, and its transcriptional expression levels were significantly upregulated by  R. solanacearum  inoculation (RSI), and foliar application ethylene (ET), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA). Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) of  CaWRKY30  amplified pepper’s vulnerability to RSI. Additionally, the silencing of  CaWRKY30  by VIGS compromised HR-like cell death triggered by RSI and downregulated defense-associated marker genes, like  CaPR1 ,  CaNPR1 ,  CaDEF1 ,  CaABR1 ,  CaHIR1 , and  CaWRKY40 . Conversely, transient over-expression of  CaWRKY30  in pepper leaves instigated HR-like cell death and upregulated defense-related maker genes. Furthermore, transient over-expression of  CaWRKY30  upregulated transcriptional levels of  CaWRKY6 ,  CaWRKY22 ,  CaWRKY27 , and  CaWRKY40 . On the other hand, transient over-expression of  CaWRKY6 ,  CaWRKY22 ,  CaWRKY27 , and  CaWRKY40  upregulated transcriptional expression levels of  CaWRKY30 . The results recommend that newly characterized  CaWRKY30  positively regulates pepper’s immunity against  Ralstonia  attack, which is governed by synergistically mediated signaling by phytohormones like ET, ABA, and SA, and transcriptionally assimilating into WRKY TFs networks, consisting of  CaWRKY6 ,  CaWRKY22 ,  CaWRKY27 , and  CaWRKY40 . Collectively, our data will facilitate to explicate the underlying mechanism of crosstalk between pepper’s immunity and response to RSI.

international journal of molecular sciences

CaWRKY30 Positively Regulates Pepper Immunity by Targeting CaWRKY40 against Ralstonia solanacearum Inoculation through Modulating Defense-Related Genes