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Flowering connects vegetative and generative developmental phases and plays a significant role in strawberry production. The mechanisms that regulate strawberry flowering time are unclear. B-box transcription factors (BBXs) play important roles in the flowering time regulation of plants. Nevertheless, BBXs in octoploid cultivated strawberry ( Fragaria ananassa ) and their functions in flowering time regulation have not been identified. Here, we identified 51  FaBBXs  from cultivated strawberry and 16  FvBBXs  from diploid wild strawberry ( Fragaria vesca ), which were classified into five groups according to phylogenetic analysis. Further evolutionary analysis showed that whole-genome duplication or segmental duplication is a crucial factor that leads to the expansion of the BBX gene family in two strawberry species. Moreover, some loss and acquisition events of  FaBBX  genes were identified in the genome of cultivated strawberry that could have affected traits of agronomic interest, such as fruit quality. The promoters of  FaBBX  genes showed an enrichment in light-responsive,  cis -regulatory elements, with 16 of these genes showing changes in their transcriptional activity in response to blue light treatment. On the other hand,  FaBBX28c1 , whose transcriptional activity is reduced in response to blue light, showed a delay in flowering time in  Arabidopsis  transgenic lines, suggesting its role in the regulation of flowering time in cultivated strawberry. Our results provide new evolutionary insight into the BBX gene family in cultivated strawberry and clues regarding their function in flowering time regulation in plants.

An Evolutionary Analysis of B-Box Transcription Factors in Strawberry Reveals the Role of FaBBx28c1 in the Regulation of Flowering Time