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Juvenile hormone (JH) plays a critical role in many physiological activities of Arthropoda. Juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase (JHAMT) is involved in the last steps of JH biosynthesis as an important rate-limiting enzyme. In recent studies, an increasing number of JHAMTs were identified in arthropods, but no JHAMT was reported in spiders. Herein, eight JHAMTs were identified in the pond wolf spider,  Pardosa pseudoannulata , all containing the well conserved S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding motif.  JHAMT-1  and the other seven  JHAMTs  were located at chromosome 13 and chromosome 1, respectively. Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that JHAMT-1 was grouped together with insect JHAMTs independently and shared high similarities with insect JHAMTs compared to the other seven JHAMTs. In addition,  JHAMT-1 ,  JHAMT-2 , and  JHAMT-3  were highly expressed in the abdomen of spiderlings and could respond to the stimulation of exogenous farnesoic acid. Meanwhile, knockdown of these three  JHAMTs  caused the overweight and accelerated molting of spiderlings. These results demonstrated the cooperation of multi-JHAMTs in spider development and provided a new evolutionary perspective of the expansion of  JHAMT  in Arachnida.

Genomic Identification and Functional Analysis of JHAMTs in the Pond Wolf Spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata