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Fusarium graminearum  species complex produces type B trichothecenes oxygenated at C-7. In axenic liquid culture,  F. graminearum  mainly accumulates one of the three types of trichothecenes, namely 3-acetyldeoxyinvalenol, 15-acetyldeoxyinvalenol, or mixtures of 4,15-diacetylnivalenol/4-acetylnivalenol, depending on each strain’s genetic background. The acetyl groups of these trichothecenes are slowly deacetylated to give deoxynivalenol (DON) or nivalenol (NIV) on solid medium culture. Due to the evolution of  F. graminearum FgTri1 , encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase responsible for hydroxylation at both C-7 and C-8, new derivatives of DON, designated as NX-type trichothecenes, have recently emerged. To assess the risks of emergence of new NX-type trichothecenes, we examined the effects of replacing  FgTri1  in the three chemotypes with  FgTri1_ NX chemotype  , which encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that can only hydroxylate C-7 of trichothecenes. Similar to the transgenic DON chemotypes, the transgenic NIV chemotype strain accumulated NX-type 4-deoxytrichothecenes in axenic liquid culture. C-4 oxygenated trichothecenes were marginal, despite the presence of a functional  FgTri13  encoding a C-4 hydroxylase. At present, outcrossing of the currently occurring NX chemotype with NIV chemotype strains of  F. graminearum  in the natural environment likely will not yield a new strain that produces a C-4 oxygenated NX-type trichothecene.

international journal of molecular sciences

Accumulation of 4-Deoxy-7-hydroxytrichothecenes, but Not 4,7-Dihydroxytrichothecenes, in Axenic Culture of a Transgenic Nivalenol Chemotype Expressing the NX-Type FgTri1 Gene