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Paracrine factors of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have the potential of preventing adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). S100A8 and S100A9 are calcium-binding proteins playing essential roles in the regulation of inflammation and fibrous tissue formation, and they might modulate the paracrine effect of hMSCs. We isolated human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) and examined the changes in the expression level of regulatory genes of inflammation and fibrosis after hAMSCs were treated with S100A8/A9. The anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of hAMSCs pretreated with S100A8/A9 were shown to be superior to those of hAMSCs without S100A8/A9 pretreatment in the cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation experiment. We established a murine myocardial ischemia/reperfusion model to compare the therapeutic effects of the conditioned medium of hAMSCs with or without S100A8/A9 pretreatment. We found the hearts administered with a conditioned medium of hAMSCs with S100A8/A9 pretreatment had better left ventricular systolic function on day 7, 14, and 28 after MI. These results suggest S100A8/A9 enhances the paracrine therapeutic effects of hAMSCs in aspects of anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and cardiac function preservation after MI.

S100A8/A9 Enhances Immunomodulatory and Tissue-Repairing Properties of Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury