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Pharmacologic studies have revealed that polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) collectively exhibit a broad range of biological activities, including antineoplastic potential. Here, six new PPAPs, named garcixanthochymones F-K ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 11 , and 15 ), together with nine known analogues were isolated from the fruits of Garcinia xanthochymus . Their structures were elucidated based on the spectroscopic data, including UV, HRESIMS, and NMR, and quantum chemical calculations. All the isolated PPAPs were tested for anti-proliferative activity against four human tumor cell lines, including SGC7901, A549, HepG2, and MCF-7. Most of the PPAPs possessed high anti-proliferative activity with IC 50 values in the range of 0.89 to 36.98 μM, and significant apoptosis was observed in MCF-7 cells exposed to compounds 2 and 5 . Besides, docking results showed that compounds 2 and 5 could strongly combine with the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of STAT3 via hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction, which is one of the key oncogenes and crucial therapeutic targets. Furthermore, compounds 2 and 5 efficiently downregulated the expression of p-STAT3 Tyr705 and pivotal effector proteins involved in oncogenic signaling pathways of MCF-7 cells.

international journal of molecular sciences

Discovery of Novel Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols from the Fruits of Garcinia xanthochymus as Antitumor Agents by Suppressing the STAT3 Signaling