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The dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza is a renowned traditional Chinese medicine that was used for over 1000 years in China. Salvianolic acid B (SalB) is the main natural bioactive product of S. miltiorrhiza . Although many publications described the regulation mechanism of SalB biosynthesis, few reports simultaneously focused on S. miltiorrhiza root development. For this study, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene ( SmMYB52 ) was overexpressed and silenced, respectively, in S. miltiorrhiza sterile seedlings. We found that SmMYB52 significantly inhibited root growth and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) accumulation, whereas it activated phenolic acid biosynthesis and the jasmonate acid (JA) signaling pathway. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses revealed that Sm MYB52 suppressed the transcription levels of key enzyme-encoding genes involved in the IAA biosynthetic pathway and activated key enzyme-encoding genes involved in the JA and phenolic acid biosynthesis pathways. In addition, yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase assay showed that Sm MYB52 directly binds to and activates the promoters of several key enzyme genes for SalB biosynthesis, including SmTAT1 , Sm4CL9 , SmC4H1 , and SmHPPR1 , to promote the accumulation of SalB. This is the first report of a regulator that simultaneously affects root growth and the production of phenolic acids in S. miltiorrhiza .

R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor SmMYB52 Positively Regulates Biosynthesis of Salvianolic Acid B and Inhibits Root Growth in Salvia miltiorrhiza