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Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) is an aggressive tumor predominantly arising in the maxillary sinus and nasal cavities. Advances in imaging, surgical and radiotherapeutic techniques have reduced complications and morbidity; however, the prognosis generally remains poor, with an overall 5-year survival rate of 30-50%. As immunotherapy may be a new therapeutic option, we analyzed CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the tumor microenvironment immune type (TMIT, combining CD8 + TILs and PD-L1) in a series of 57 SNSCCs. Using immunohistochemistry, tissue samples of 57 SNSCCs were analyzed for expression of CD8 on TILs and of PD-L1 on tumor cells. The results were correlated to the clinical and survival data. In total, 88% (50/57) of the tumors had intratumoral CD8 + TILs; 19% (11/57)-CD8 high (&gt;10%); and 39/57 (68%)-CD8 low (1-10%). PD-L1 positivity (&gt;5%) was observed in 46% (26/57) of the SNSCCs and significantly co-occurred with CD8 + TILs ( p = 0.000). Using univariate analysis, high intratumoral CD8 + TILs and TMIT I (CD8 high /PD-L1 pos ) correlated with a worse survival rate. These results indicate that SNSCCs are immunogenic tumors, similar to head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Nineteen percent of the cases were both CD8 high and PD-L1 pos and this subgroup may benefit from therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

international journal of molecular sciences

Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of Immune Classification by CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and PD-L1 Expression in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma