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Leymus chinensis  is a perennial forage grass that has good palatability, high yield and high feed value, but seed dormancy is a major problem limiting the widespread cultivation of  L. chinensis . Here, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of hulled and de-hulled seeds of  L. chinensis  treated with or without GA 3  to investigate the changes in gene and metabolites associated with dormancy release induced by GA 3 . The germination test revealed that the optimum concentration of GA 3  for disruption of  L. chinensis  seed dormancy was 577 μM. A total of 4327 and 11,919 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 871 and 650 differentially abundant metabolites were identified in de-hulled and hulled seeds treated with GA 3 , respectively, compared with seeds soaked in sterile water. Most of the DEGs were associated with starch and sucrose metabolism, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, endocytosis and ribosomes. Furthermore, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism were significantly enriched pathways. Integrative analysis of the transcriptomic and metabolomic data revealed that starch and sucrose metabolism is one of the most important pathways that may play a key role in providing carbon skeletons and energy supply for the transition of  L. chinensis  seeds from a dormant state to germination by suppressing the expression of  Cel61a ,  egID ,  cel1 ,  tpsA ,  SPAC2E11.16c  and  TPP2 , enhancing the expression of  AMY1.1 ,  AMY1.2 ,  AMY1.6  and  GLIP5 , and inhibiting the synthesis of cellobiose, cellodextrin, and trehalose while promoting the hydrolysis of sucrose, starch, cellobiose, cellodextrin, and trehalose to glucose. This study identified several key genes and provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of seed dormancy release induced by GA 3  in  L. chinensis . These putative genes will be valuable resources for improving the seed germination rate in future breeding studies.

Integrated Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome Revealed Candidate Genes Involved in GA3-Induced Dormancy Release in Leymus chinensis Seeds