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Bacterial pathogens expose on the cell surface a variety of complex carbohydrate molecules. Gram-negative bacteria produce lipopolysaccharides, which are the main components of the outer membrane of bacterial envelopes and play a major role in host–pathogen interactions.  B. pertussis ,  B. parapertussis ,  B. bronchiseptica,  and  B. holmesii , are mammalian respiratory pathogens, having substantial economic impact on human health and agriculture.  B. pertussis  is responsible for whooping cough (pertussis) and  B. holmesii  is the second pertussis etiological factor, but the current anti-pertussis vaccines do not provide cross-protection. The structural data on any given hypothetical carbohydrate antigen is a prerequisite for further analysis of structure-related activities and their interaction with hosts.  1 H NMR spectra constitute fingerprints of the analyzed glycans and provide unique identity information. The concept of structure-reporter groups has now been augmented by  1 H, 13 C-correlation spectra of the  Bordetella  oligosaccharides. The comparative analysis of  Bordetellae  oligosaccharides (OS) revealed that the hexasaccharide, comprising the α-Glc p N, α-Glc p A, 4,6-disubstituted-β-Glc p , 2,7-disubstituted- l -α- d -Hep p , 3,4-disubstituted- l -α- d -Hep p,  and Kdo, constitute the least variable OS segment. This minimal common element in the structure of lipopolysaccharides of  Bordetellae  could be used to devise a universal cross-protective vaccine component against infections with various bacteria from the genus  Bordetella .

international journal of molecular sciences

Conserved Structural Features of Core Oligosaccharides among the Lipopolysaccharides of Respiratory Pathogens from the Genus Bordetella Analyzed Exclusively by NMR Spectroscopy