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This study investigates combining the good biocompatibility and flexibility of silk protein with three types of widely used magnetic nanoparticles to comparatively explore their structures, properties and potential applications in the sustainability and biomaterial fields. The secondary structure of silk protein was quantitatively studied by infrared spectroscopy. It was found that magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) and barium hexaferrite (BaFe 12 O 19 ) can prohibit β-sheet crystal due to strong coordination bonding between Fe 3+ ions and carboxylate ions on silk fibroin chains where cobalt particles showed minimal effect. This was confirmed by thermal analysis, where a high temperature degradation peak was found above 640 °C in both Fe 3 O 4 and BaFe 12 O 19 samples. This was consistent with the magnetization studies that indicated that part of the Fe in the Fe 3 O 4 and BaFe 12 O 19 was no longer magnetic in the composite, presumably forming new phases. All three types of magnetic composites films maintained high magnetization, showing potential applications in MRI imaging, tissue regeneration, magnetic hyperthermia and controlled drug delivery in the future.

Comparative Study of Silk-Based Magnetic Materials: Effect of Magnetic Particle Types on the Protein Structure and Biomaterial Properties