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Secondary caries often occurs at the tooth-composite margins. This study developed a novel bioactive composite containing DMAHDM (dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate) and NACP (nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate), inhibiting caries at the enamel restoration margins in an in vitro saliva-derived biofilm secondary caries model for the first time. Four composites were tested: (1) Heliomolar nanocomposite, (2) 0% DMAHDM + 0% NACP, (3) 3% DMAHDM + 0% NACP, (D) 3% DMAHDM + 30% NACP. Saliva-derived biofilms were tested for antibacterial effects of the composites. Bovine enamel restorations were cultured with biofilms, Ca and P ion release of nanocomposite and enamel hardness at the enamel restoration margins was measured. Incorporation of DMAHDM and NACP into composite did not affect the mechanical properties ( p &gt; 0.05). The biofilms' CFU (colony-forming units) were reduced by 2 logs via DMAHDM ( p &lt; 0.05). Ca and P ion release of the nanocomposite was increased at cariogenic low pH. Enamel hardness at the margins for DMAHDM group was 25% higher than control ( p &lt; 0.05). With DMAHDM + NACP, the enamel hardness was the greatest and about 50% higher than control ( p &lt; 0.05). Therefore, the novel composite containing DMAHDM and NACP was strongly antibacterial and inhibited enamel demineralization, resulting in enamel hardness at the margins under biofilms that approached the hardness of healthy enamel.

Novel Nanocomposite Inhibiting Caries at the Enamel Restoration Margins in an In Vitro Saliva-Derived Biofilm Secondary Caries Model