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Prognostic factors are of great interest in patients with endometrial cancer. One potential factor could be the protein MSX1, a transcription repressor, that has an inhibitory effect on the cell cycle. For this study, endometrioid endometrial carcinomas ( n = 53), clear cell endometrial carcinomas ( n = 6), endometrioid ovarian carcinomas ( n = 19), and clear cell ovarian carcinomas ( n = 11) were immunochemically stained for the protein MSX1 and evaluated using the immunoreactive score (IRS). A significant stronger expression of MSX1 was found in endometrioid endometrial carcinomas ( p &lt; 0.001), in grading 2 (moderate differentiation) ( p = 0.001), and in tumor material of patients with no involvement of lymph nodes ( p = 0.031). Correlations were found between MSX1 expression and the expression of β-Catenin, p21, p53, and the steroid receptors ERα, ERβ, PRα, and PRβ. A significant ( p = 0.023) better survival for patients with an MSX1 expression in more than 10% of the tumor cells was observed for endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (21.3 years median survival (MSX1-positive) versus 17.3 years (MSX1-negative)). Although there is evidence that MSX1 expression correlates with improved long-term survival, further studies are necessary to evaluate if MSX1 can be used as a prognostic marker.

MSX1—A Potential Marker for Uterus-Preserving Therapy of Endometrial Carcinomas