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Agrobacterium tumefaciens uses the type IV secretion system, which consists of VirB1-B11 and VirD4 proteins, to deliver effectors into plant cells. The effectors manipulate plant proteins to assist in T-DNA transfer, integration, and expression in plant cells. The Arabidopsis reticulon-like (RTNLB) proteins are located in the endoplasmic reticulum and are involved in endomembrane trafficking in plant cells. The rtnlb4 mutants were recalcitrant to A. tumefaciens infection, but overexpression of RTNLB4 in transgenic plants resulted in hypersusceptibility to A. tumefaciens transformation, which suggests the involvement of RTNLB4 in A. tumefaciens infection. The expression of defense-related genes, including FRK1 , PR1 , WRKY22 , and WRKY29 , were less induced in RTNLB4 overexpression (O/E) transgenic plants after A. tumefaciens elf18 peptide treatment. Pretreatment with elf18 peptide decreased Agrobacterium -mediated transient expression efficiency more in wild-type seedlings than RTNLB4 O/E transgenic plants, which suggests that the induced defense responses in RTNLB4 O/E transgenic plants might be affected after bacterial elicitor treatments. Similarly, A. tumefaciens VirB2 peptide pretreatment reduced transient T-DNA expression in wild-type seedlings to a greater extent than in RTNLB4 O/E transgenic seedlings. Furthermore, the VirB2 peptides induced FRK1 , WRKY22 , and WRKY29 gene expression in wild-type seedlings but not efr-1 and bak1 mutants. The induced defense-related gene expression was lower in RTNLB4 O/E transgenic plants than wild-type seedlings after VirB2 peptide treatment. These data suggest that RTNLB4 may participate in elf18 and VirB2 peptide-induced defense responses and may therefore affect the A. tumefaciens infection process.

Arabidopsis RETICULON-LIKE4 (RTNLB4) Protein Participates in Agrobacterium Infection and VirB2 Peptide-Induced Plant Defense Response