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:  Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a nematode species that has damaged pine trees worldwide, but its pathogenesis has not been fully characterized. α-pinene helps protect host species during the early B. xylophilus infection and colonization stages. In this study, we identified potential molecular mimicry proteins based on a comparative transcriptomic analysis of B. xylophilus . The expression levels of three genes encoding secreted B. xylophilus proteins were influenced by α-pinene. We cloned one gene encoding a thaumatin-like protein, Bx-tlp-2 (accession number MK000287), and another gene encoding a cysteine proteinase inhibitor, Bx-cpi (accession number MK000288). Additionally, α-pinene appeared to induce Bx-tlp-1 expression, but had the opposite effect on Bx-cpi expression. An analysis of the expression of the potential molecular mimicry proteins in B. xylophilus infecting pine trees revealed that the α-pinene content was consistent with the expression levels of Bx-tlp-1 ( Bx-cpi ) and Pm-tlp ( Pm-cpi ) over time. Thus, these genes likely have important roles contributing to the infection of pine species by B. xylophilus . The results of this study may be relevant for future investigations of the functions of Bx-tlp-1 , Bx-tlp-2 and Bx-cpi , which may provide a point to explore the relationship between B. xylophilus and host pines.

Potential Molecular Mimicry Proteins Responsive to α-pinene in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus