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Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt ) is one of many severe diseases that threaten bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield and quality worldwide. The discovery and deployment of powdery mildew resistance genes ( Pm ) can prevent this disease epidemic in wheat. In a previous study, we transferred the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm57 from Aegilops searsii into common wheat and cytogenetically mapped the gene in a chromosome region with the fraction length (FL) 0.75-0.87, which represents 12% segment of the long arm of chromosome 2S s #1. In this study, we performed RNA-seq using RNA extracted from leaf samples of three infected and mock-infected wheat- Ae . searsii 2S s #1 introgression lines at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h after inoculation with Bgt isolates. Then we designed 79 molecular markers based on transcriptome sequences and physically mapped them to Ae . searsii chromosome 2S s #1- in seven intervals. We used these markers to identify 46 wheat- Ae . searsii 2S s #1 recombinants induced by ph1b , a deletion mutant of pairing homologous ( Ph ) genes. After analyzing the 46 ph1b -induced 2S s #1L recombinants in the region where Pm57 is located with different Bgt -responses, we physically mapped Pm57 gene on the long arm of 2S s #1 in a 5.13 Mb genomic region, which was flanked by markers X67593 (773.72 Mb) and X62492 (778.85 Mb). By comparative synteny analysis of the corresponding region on chromosome 2B in Chinese Spring ( T.  aestivum L.) with other model species, we identified ten genes that are putative plant defense-related (R) genes which includes six coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (CNL), three nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NL) and a leucine-rich receptor-like repeat (RLP) encoding proteins. This study will lay a foundation for cloning of Pm57 , and benefit the understanding of interactions between resistance genes of wheat and powdery mildew pathogens.

Physical Mapping of Pm57, a Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene Derived from Aegilops searsii