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Intermuscular bones (IBs) are only found in the muscles of fish. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (bmp2) is considered to be the most active single osteogenesis factor. It promotes cell proliferation and differentiation during bone repair, as well as inducing the formation of bones and cartilages in vivo. However, detailed investigations of this family in fish are incredibly limited. Here, we have used a variety of published and unpublished  bmp2  sequences for teleosts and cartilage fish in order to explore and expand our understanding of  bmp2  genes in fish. Our results confirmed that teleost genomes contain two or more  bmp2  genes, and the diversity of  bmp2  genes in vertebrates appears to be as a result of a combination of whole genome duplication (WGD) and gene loss. Differences were also observed in tissue distribution and relative transcription abundance of the  bmp2s  through a transcriptomic analysis. Our data also indicated that  bmp2b  may play an important role in the formation of IBs in teleosts. In addition, protein sequence alignments and 3D structural predictions of  bmp2a  and  bmp2b  supported their similar roles in fishes. To summarize, our existing work provided novel insights into the  bmp2  family genes in fishes through a mixture of comparative genomic and transcriptomic analysis.

A Comparative Genomic and Transcriptional Survey Providing Novel Insights into Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (bmp2) in Fishes