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The intracellular level of amino acids is determined by the balance between their anabolic and catabolic pathways. L-alanine is anabolized by three L-alanine synthesizing enzymes and catabolized by two racemases and D-amino acid dehydrogenase (DadA). In addition, its level is regulated by L-alanine movement across the inner membrane. We identified the novel gene alaE , encoding an L-alanine exporter. To elucidate the physiological function of L-Alanine exporter, AlaE, we determined the susceptibility of alaE -, dadA -, and alaE / dadA -deficient mutants, derived from the wild-type strain MG1655, to L-alanyl-L-alanine (Ala-Ala), which shows toxicity to the L-alanine-nonmetabolizing variant lacking alaE . The dadA -deficient mutant has a similar minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (&gt;1.25 mg/mL) to that observed in MG1655. However, alaE - and alaE / dadA -deficient mutants had MICs of 0.04 and 0.0025 mg/mL, respectively. The results suggested that the efficacy of AlaE to relieve stress caused by toxic intracellular accumulation of L-alanine was higher than that of DadA. Consistent with this, the intracellular level of alanine in the alaE -mutant was much higher than that in MG1655 and the dadA -mutant. We, therefore, conclude that AlaE functions as a 'safety-valve' to prevent the toxic level accumulation of intracellular L-alanine under a peptide-rich environment, such as within the animal intestine.

L-Alanine Exporter, AlaE, of Escherichia coli Functions as a Safety Valve to Enhance Survival under Feast Conditions