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Oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are associated with the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Phenolic extracts derived from rice bran (RB) are recognised to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the ability of RB-derived phenolic extracts to modulate genes associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under induced oxidative stress conditions. HUVECs under oxidative stress were treated with varying concentrations of RB phenolic extracts (25-250 µg/mL). Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, the expression of candidate genes that regulate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways were determined. This included nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 ( Nrf2 ), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate: quinone oxidoreductase 1 ( NQO1 ), heme oxygenase 1 ( HO1 ), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 ( NOX4 ), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 ( ICAM1 ), endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ), ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 ( CD39 ) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase ( CD73 ). Phenolic extracts derived from RB down-regulated the expression of four genes, ICAM1 , CD39 , CD73 and NOX4 and up-regulated the expression of another four genes, Nrf2 , NQO1 , HO1 and eNOS , indicating an antioxidant/ anti-inflammatory effect for RB against endothelial dysfunction.

international journal of molecular sciences

Rice Bran Phenolic Compounds Regulate Genes Associated with Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells with Induced Oxidative Stress