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Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are major phase II detoxification enzymes involved in glycosylation of lipophilic endobiotics and xenobiotics, including phytoalexins. Nicotine, one of the most abundant secondary plant metabolites in tobacco, is highly toxic to herbivorous insects. Plant-herbivore competition is the major impetus for the evolution of large superfamilies of UGTs and other detoxification enzymes. However, UGT functions in green peach aphid ( Myzus persicae ) adaptation are unknown. In this study, we show that UGT inhibitors (sulfinpyrazone and 5-nitrouracil) significantly increased nicotine toxicity in M. persicae nicotianae , suggesting that UGTs may be involved in nicotine tolerance. In total, 101 UGT transcripts identified in the M. persicae genome/transcriptome were renamed according to the UGT Nomenclature Committee guidelines and grouped into 11 families, UGT329, UGT330, UGT339, UGT341-UGT345, and UGT348-UGT350, with UGT344 containing the most (57). Ten UGTs ( UGT330A3 , UGT339A2 , UGT341A6 , UGT342B3 , UGT343C3 , UGT344D5 , UGT344D8 , UGT348A3 , UGT349A3 , and UGT350A3 ) were highly expressed in M. persicae nicotianae compared to M. persicae sensu stricto. Knockdown of four UGTs ( UGT330A3 , UGT344D5 , UGT348A3 , and UGT349A3 ) significantly increased M. persicae nicotianae sensitivity to nicotine, suggesting that UGT expression in this subspecies may be associated with nicotine tolerance and thus host adaptation. This study reveals possible UGTs relevant to nicotine adaptation in tobacco-consuming M. persicae nicotianae , and the findings will facilitate further validation of the roles of these UGTs in nicotine tolerance.

Characterization of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases and the Potential Contribution to Nicotine Tolerance in Myzus persicae