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We examined the substrate preference of Cuphea paucipetala acyl-ACP thioesterases, CpFatB4 and CpFatB5 , and gene expression changes associated with the modification of lipid composition in the seed, using Brassica napus transgenic plants overexpressing CpFatB4 or CpFatB5 under the control of a seed-specific promoter. CpFatB4 seeds contained a higher level of total saturated fatty acid (FA) content, with 4.3 times increase in 16:0 palmitic acid, whereas CpFatB5 seeds showed approximately 3% accumulation of 10:0 and 12:0 medium-chain FAs, and a small increase in other saturated FAs, resulting in higher levels of total saturated FAs. RNA-Seq analysis using entire developing pods at 8, 25, and 45 days after flowering (DAF) showed up-regulation of genes for β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I/II, stearoyl-ACP desaturase, oleate desaturase, and linoleate desaturase, which could increase unsaturated FAs and possibly compensate for the increase in 16:0 palmitic acid at 45 DAF in CpFatB4 transgenic plants. In CpFatB5 transgenic plants, many putative chloroplast- or mitochondria-encoded genes were identified as differentially expressed. Our results report comprehensive gene expression changes induced by alterations of seed FA composition and reveal potential targets for further genetic modifications.

Overexpression of Acyl-ACP Thioesterases, CpFatB4 and CpFatB5, Induce Distinct Gene Expression Reprogramming in Developing Seeds of Brassica napus