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Beet cyst nematode ( Heterodera schachtii Schm.) is one of the most damaging pests in sugar beet growing areas around the world. The Hs1 pro-1  and cZR3 genes confer resistance to the beet cyst nematode, and both were cloned from sugar beet translocation line (A906001). The translocation line carried the locus from B. procumbens chromosome 1 including Hs1 pro-1  gene and resistance gene analogs (RGA), which confer resistance to Heterodera schachtii . In this research, BvHs1 pro-1  and BvcZR3 genes were transferred into oilseed rape to obtain different transgenic lines by A. tumefaciens mediated transformation method. The cZR3Hs1 pro-1  gene was pyramided into the same plants by crossing homozygous cZR3 and Hs1 pro-1  plants to identify the function and interaction of cZR3 and Hs1 pro-1  genes. In vitro and in vivo cyst nematode resistance tests showed that cZR3 and Hs1 pro-1  plants could be infested by beet cyst nematode (BCN) juveniles, however a large fraction of penetrated nematode juveniles was not able to develop normally and stagnated in roots of transgenic plants, consequently resulting in a significant reduction in the number of developed nematode females. A higher efficiency in inhibition of nematode females was observed in plants expressing pyramiding genes than in those only expressing a single gene. Molecular analysis demonstrated that BvHs1 pro-1  and BvcZR3 gene expressions in oilseed rape constitutively activated transcription of plant-defense related genes such as NPR1 (non-expresser of PR1 ), SGT1b (enhanced disease resistance 1) and RAR1 (suppressor of the G2 allele of skp1 ). Transcript of NPR1 gene in transgenic cZR3 and Hs1 pro-1  plants were slightly up-regulated, while its expression was considerably enhanced in cZR3Hs1 pro-1  gene pyramiding plants. The expression of EDS1 gene did not change significantly among transgenic cZR3 , Hs1 pro-1  and cZR3Hs1 pro-1  gene pyramiding plants and wild type. The expression of SGT1b gene was slightly up-regulated in transgenic cZR3 and Hs1 pro-1  plants compared with the wild type, however, its expression was not changed in cZR3Hs1 pro-1  gene pyramiding plant and had no interaction effect. RAR1 gene expression was significantly up-regulated in transgenic cZR3 and cZR3Hs1 pro-1  genes pyramiding plants, but almost no expression was found in Hs1 pro-1  transgenic plants. These results show that nematode resistance genes from sugar beet were functional in oilseed rape and conferred BCN resistance by activation of a CC-NBS-LRR R gene mediated resistance response. The gene pyramiding had enhanced resistance, thus offering a novel approach for the BCN control by preventing the propagation of BCN in oilseed rape. The transgenic oilseed rape could be used as a trap crop to offer an alternative method for beet cyst nematode control.

BvcZR3 and BvHs1pro-1 Genes Pyramiding Enhanced Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm.) Resistance in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)