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Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW; 2 n = 6 x = 42, AABBDD, Triticum aestivum L.) is produced from an interspecific cross between durum wheat (2 n = 4 x = 28, AABB, T. turgidum L.) and goat grass (2 n = 2 x = 14, DD, Aegilops tauschii Coss.) and is reported to have significant novel alleles-controlling biotic and abiotic stresses resistance. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to unravel these loci [marker⁻trait associations (MTAs)] using 35,648 genotyping-by-sequencing-derived single nucleotide polymorphisms in 123 SHWs. We identified 90 novel MTAs (45, 11, and 34 on the A, B, and D genomes, respectively) and haplotype blocks associated with grain yield and yield-related traits including root traits under drought stress. The phenotypic variance explained by the MTAs ranged from 1.1% to 32.3%. Most of the MTAs (120 out of 194) identified were found in genes, and of these 45 MTAs were in genes annotated as having a potential role in drought stress. This result provides further evidence for the reliability of MTAs identified. The large number of MTAs (53) identified especially on the D-genome demonstrate the potential of SHWs for elucidating the genetic architecture of complex traits and provide an opportunity for further improvement of wheat under rapidly changing climatic conditions.

Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Novel Genomic Regions for Grain Yield and Yield-Related Traits in Drought-Stressed Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat