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Sei-hai-to (TJ-90, Qing Fei Tang), a Chinese traditional medicine, increases ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and ciliary bend angle (CBA) mediated via cAMP (3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) accumulation modulated by Ca 2+ -activated phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1A). A high concentration of TJ-90 (≥40 μg/mL) induced two types of CBF increases, a transient increase (an initial increase, followed by a decrease) and a sustained increase without any decline, while it only sustained the CBA increase. Upon inhibiting increases in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) by 10 μM BAPTA-AM (Ca 2+ -chelator, 1,2-Bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetrakis(acetoxymethyl ester) or Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent PDE1 by 8MmIBMX (a selective PDE1 inhibitor), TJ-90 (400 μg/mL) induced only the sustained CBF increase without any transient CBF increase. The two types of the CBF increase (the transient increase and the sustained increase) induced by TJ-90 (≥40 μg/mL) were mimicked by the stimulation with both procaterol (100 pM) and ionomycin (500 nM). Thus, TJ-90 stimulates small increases in the intracellular cAMP concentration ([cAMP] i ) and [Ca 2+ ] i in airway ciliary cells of mice. These small increases in [cAMP] i and [Ca 2+ ] i cause inducing a transient CBF increase or a sustained CBF increase in an airway ciliary cells, depending on the dominant signal, Ca 2+ -signal, or cAMP-signal.

Seihai-to (TJ-90)-Induced Activation of Airway Ciliary Beatings of Mice: Ca2+ Modulation of cAMP-Stimulated Ciliary Beatings via PDE1