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Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a common consequence of various kidney diseases that lead to end-stage renal failure, and lymphocyte infiltration plays an important role in renal fibrosis. We previously found that depletion of cluster of differentiation 8⁺ (CD8⁺) T cells increases renal fibrosis following ureteric obstruction, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-expressing CD8⁺ T cells contribute to this process. CD8⁺ T cells are cytotoxic T cells; however, whether their cytotoxic effect reduces fibrosis remains unknown. This study showed that CD8⁺ T cells isolated from obstructed kidney showed mRNA expression of the cytotoxicity-related genes perforin 1 , granzyme A , granzyme B , and FAS ligand ; additionally, CD8 knockout significantly reduced the expression levels of these genes in obstructed kidney. Infiltrated CD8⁺ T cells were distributed around fibroblasts, and they are associated with fibroblast apoptosis in obstructed kidney. Moreover, CD11c⁺ CD8⁺ T cells expressed higher levels of the cytotoxicity-related genes than CD11c - CD8⁺ T cells, and infiltrated CD11c⁺ CD8⁺ T cells in obstructed kidney could induce fibroblast death in vitro. Results indicated that induction of fibroblast apoptosis partly contributed to the effect of CD8⁺ T cells on reduction of renal fibrosis. Given that inflammatory cells are involved in fibrosis, our results suggest that kidney fibrosis is a multifactorial process involving different arms of the immune system.

CD11c+ CD8+ T Cells Reduce Renal Fibrosis Following Ureteric Obstruction by Inducing Fibroblast Apoptosis