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The “target of rapamycin” (TOR) nutritional signaling pathway and juvenile hormone (JH) regulation of vitellogenesis has been known for a long time. However, the interplay between these two pathways regulating vitellogenin (Vg) expression remains obscure. Here, we first demonstrated the key role of amino acids (AAs) in activation of Vg synthesis and egg development in  Nilaparvata lugens  using chemically defined artificial diets. AAs induced the expression of  TOR  and  S6K  (S6 kinase), whereas RNAi-mediated silencing of these two TOR pathway genes and rapamycin application strongly inhibited the AAs-induced Vg synthesis. Furthermore, knockdown of  Rheb  (Ras homologue enriched in brain),  TOR ,  S6K  and application of rapamycin resulted in a dramatic reduction in the mRNA levels of  jmt N (juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase, JHAMT). Application of JH III on the RNAi ( Rheb  and  TOR ) and rapamycin-treated females partially rescued the  Vg  expression. Conversely, knockdown of either  jmt N or  met  (methoprene-tolerant, JH receptor) and application of JH III had no effects on mRNA levels of  Rheb ,  TOR  and  S6K  and phosphorylation of S6K. In summary, our results demonstrate that the TOR pathway induces JH biosynthesis that in turn regulates AAs-mediated Vg synthesis in  N. lugens .

TOR Pathway-Mediated Juvenile Hormone Synthesis Regulates Nutrient-Dependent Female Reproduction in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)